這篇文章主要介紹“MongoDB導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的方法”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在mongodb導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的方法問(wèn)題上存在疑惑,小編查閱了各式資料,整理出簡(jiǎn)單好用的操作方法,希望對(duì)大家解答”mongodb導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的方法”的疑惑有所幫助!接下來(lái),請(qǐng)跟著小編一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)吧!
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MongoDB提供了mongoexport工具,可以把一個(gè)collection導(dǎo)出成json格式或csv格式的文件。可以指定導(dǎo)出哪些數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng),也可以根據(jù)給定的條件導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)。工具幫助信息如下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoexport --help options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line -q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string --csv export to csv instead of json -o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used --jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per line [root@localhost bin]#
下面我們將以一個(gè)實(shí)際的例子說(shuō)明,此工具的用法:
將foo庫(kù)中的表t1導(dǎo)出成json格式:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoexport -d foo -c t1 -o /data/t1.json connected to: 127.0.0.1 exported 1 records [root@localhost bin]#
導(dǎo)出成功后我們看一下/data/t1.json文件的樣式,是否是我們所希望的:
root@localhost data]# more t1.json { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4f927e2385b7a6814a0540a0" }, "age" : 2 } [root@localhost data]#
通過(guò)以上說(shuō)明導(dǎo)出成功,但有一個(gè)問(wèn)題,要是異構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的遷移怎么辦呢?例如我們要將MongoDB的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到MySQL該怎么辦呢?MongoDB提供 了一種csv的導(dǎo)出格式,就可以解決異構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)遷移的問(wèn)題了. 下面將foo庫(kù)的t2表的age和name列導(dǎo)出, 具體如下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoexport -d foo -c t2 --csv -f age,name -o /data/t2.csv connected to: 127.0.0.1 exported 1 records [root@localhost bin]#
查看/data/t2.csv的導(dǎo)出結(jié)果
[root@localhost data]# more t2.csv age,name 1,"wwl" [root@localhost data]#
mongoimport導(dǎo)入工具
MongoDB提供了mongoimport工具,可以把一個(gè)特定格式文件中的內(nèi)容導(dǎo)入到某張collection中。工具幫助信息如下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoimport --help options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path, instead of connecting to a mongod server - needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used if a mongod is currently accessing the same path --directoryperdb if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate directory -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with fields names - 1 per line --ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored --type arg type of file to import. default: json (json,csv,tsv) --file arg file to import from; if not specified stdin is used --drop drop collection first --headerline CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers --upsert insert or update objects that already exist --upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query part of the upsert. You should make sure this is indexed --stopOnError stop importing at first error rather than continuing --jsonArray load a json array, not one item per line. Currently limited to 4MB.
下面我們將以一人實(shí)際的例子說(shuō)明,此工具的用法:
先看一下foo庫(kù)中的t1表數(shù)據(jù):
> db.t1.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("4f937a56450beadc560feaa9"), "age" : 5 } >
t1其中有一條age=5的記錄, 我們?cè)倏匆幌耲son文件中的數(shù)據(jù)是什么樣子的:
[root@localhost data]# more t1.json { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4f937a56450beadc560feaa7" }, "age" : 8 } [root@localhost data]#
可以看到t1.json文件中有一條age=8的數(shù)據(jù),下面我們將用mongoimport工具將json文件中的記錄導(dǎo)入到t1表中:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongoimport -d foo -c t1 /data/t1.json connected to: 127.0.0.1 imported 1 objects
工具返回信息說(shuō)明向表中插入了一條記錄. 我們進(jìn)庫(kù)里實(shí)際驗(yàn)證一下:
[root@localhost bin]# ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.8.1 connecting to: test > use foo switched to db foo > db.t1.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("4f937a56450beadc560feaa9"), "age" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("4f937a56450beadc560feaa7"), "age" : 8 } >
到此,關(guān)于“mongodb導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的方法”的學(xué)習(xí)就結(jié)束了,希望能夠解決大家的疑惑。理論與實(shí)踐的搭配能更好的幫助大家學(xué)習(xí),快去試試吧!若想繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)更多相關(guān)知識(shí),請(qǐng)繼續(xù)關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)網(wǎng)站,小編會(huì)繼續(xù)努力為大家?guī)?lái)更多實(shí)用的文章!
新聞名稱:mongodb導(dǎo)入和導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)的方法
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